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1.
Horiz. enferm ; 21(1): 37-43, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177267

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: evaluar los cambios en la pérdida estimada de sangre y tasas de Hemorragia Posparto [HPP] derivados del entrenamiento en el Manejo Activo de la Tercera Etapa del Parto [MATED] en cinco Clínicas Materno Infantiles del departamento de Yoro, Honduras. METODOLOGÍA: durante nueve meses, el equipo de investigación enseña las habilidades sobre la pérdida estimada de sangre, establece una tasa base para la HPP y enseña el manejo activo de la tercera etapa del parto. En cada nacimiento se registran la pérdida estimada de sangre, los resultados para la madre y el neonato, así como el uso calculado de Oxitocina en el periodo posnatal. Los datos obtenidos se analizan estadísticamente con SPSS descriptivo, prueba-T y Chi-cuadrado. RESULTADOS: el periodo de estudio previo al entrenamiento en MATEP incluye 178 casos, el periodo posterior al entrenamiento incluye 392 casos. La pérdida estimada de sangre durante el periodo previo es de 109 ml en promedio, comparado con 81 ml en promedio que se obtiene durante el periodo posterior al entrenamiento (p=.004). En la fase previa y posterior a/ entrenamiento, el uso de Oxitocina en el periodo posparto es de 99.5%, aunque en el 17% de los casos reportados la administración de Oxitocina se realiza después de la expulsión de la placenta. Después del entrenamiento en MATER la tasa de hemorragia posparto disminuye del 7.3% al 3.8%, dato que no es estadísticamente significativo.


AIM: evaluate the changes in estimated blood loss and Post Partum Hemorrhage [PPH] rates with dissemination of Active Management of Third Stage of Labor [AMTSL] training to five Clinicas Materno Infantiles in the state of Yoro, Honduras. METHODS: over a nine month period, the research team utilized a two part training module to first teach the skills of estimated blood loss to establish a baseline rate for PPH and then in the second phase teach skills of active management of third stage labor. Estimated blood loss, outcomes for mother and neonate as well as the use and timing of Oxytocin in the postpartum period were recorded for each birth for the research team. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS for descriptive, t-test and chi-square statistics. RESULTS: pre-AMTSL training period N= 178, post AMTSL training N=392. Estimated blood loss pre-AMTSL training was a mean of 109 ml compared with post-training period of 81ml (p=.004). The use of Oxytocin in the postpartum period was 99.5% in both pre and post AMTSL training, though 17% of the cases reported Oxytocin administration after delivery of the placenta. The postpartum hemorrhage rate decreased from 7.3% to 3.8% after the AMTSL training, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: AMTSL training reduced estimated blood loss though did not significantly change PPH rates in this study. Use of Oxytocin postpartum has become a regular component of care provided.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Oxytocin/administration & dosage , Postpartum Hemorrhage/nursing , Postpartum Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Parturition/blood , Honduras , Obstetric Labor Complications/blood
2.
Rev. CEFAC ; 11(3): 449-506, jul.-set. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-528196

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PURPOSE: patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be vulnerable to respiratory incompetence that may lead to swallowing impairment. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Forty-seven articles were retrieved relating to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and dysphagia. Each article was graded using evidence-based methodology. Only 7 articles out of the 47 addressed oropharyngeal swallowing disorders in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. This review found few studies that documented the relationship between oropharyngeal swallowing disorders and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. There were no randomized control trials. CONCLUSION: although the evidence is not strong, it appears that patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are prone to oropharyngeal dysphagia during exacerbations. Future studies are needed to document the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in homogeneous groups of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and to assess the relationship between respiration and swallowing using simultaneous measures of swallowing biomechanics and respiratory function. These investigations will lead to a better understanding of the characteristics and risk factors of developing oropharyngeal dypshagia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.


TEMA: disfagia orofaríngea em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. OBJETIVO: pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) podem ser vulneráveis à insuficiência respiratória que pode levar ao distúrbio de deglutição. Uma análise sistemática foi conduzida para investigar a relação entre a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e a disfagia orofaríngea. Quarenta e sete artigos foram encontrados relativos à doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e disfagia. Cada artigo foi classificado utilizando metodologia baseada em evidências. Apenas 07 artigos dos 47 abordaram distúrbios de deglutição orofaríngea em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Esta revisão encontrou poucos estudos que documentaram a relação entre os transtornos de deglutição orofaríngea e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Não foram realizadas triagens de controle randomizadas. CONCLUSÃO: embora a prova não seja conclusiva, parece que os pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica são propensas à disfagia orofaríngea durante exacerbações. Futuros estudos são necessários para documentar a prevalência de disfagia orofaríngea em grupos homogêneos de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, e para avaliar a relação entre respiração e deglutição, utilizando medidas simultâneas de biomecânica de deglutição e função respiratória. Estas investigações conduzirão a uma melhor compreensão das características e fatores de risco do desenvolvimento de disfagia orofaríngea em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica.

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